This high-resolution image is then analysed for IC chip counting. A video was created that shows how this application works in practice. Disconnection New ways of disconnection have been researched by TNO in order to know the possibilities to remove components in general and pre-selected form the boards as a away of enriching key metals in a concentrate.
As liquid, molten salt is chosen. Another way to elevate the temperature of the PCB to degrees is the use of hot air. This will take more time and is less efficient. Therefore the time in the machine has to be longer and the process will have a longer cycle time. A cost evaluation showed that the costs of a salt bath concept will be significantly higher than a concept based on hot air or infrared because less strict requirements on the materials used and less functions are required as explained earlier.
Since no clear business case is available yet it is not possible to specify the exact requirements for such a machine. During handling and storage special attention should be given to the breakage of lamps and avoid damage.
European legislations sets, that removal is obliged above a certain limit. Currently, mainly two different industrial processes are being used by recyclers within Europe: - End cut technology - Crush and sieving technology Both from economical as productivity point of view, the crush and sieving technologies are the most interesting ones from an industrial point of view, particularly, in industries with high treatment capacities.
After the classification step, the treatment consists of a mechanical process to crush the glass and thereby, be able to remove the tube ends metallic or plastic parts by means of a magnetic and eddy current separation. By sieving, the glass and fluorescent powder are separated. All the process runs in an automated and isolated line, including an industrial vacuum cleaner with active carbon filters, to assure the capture of mercury.
From several trials and analysis it has been concluded that the fluorescent powder fraction obtained from this processing is ready to enter the hydrometallurgical recovery process.
Operation of this stage has been defined so as to minimize reagents consumptions while optimizing solubilisation efficiencies. A brief description of the different units that were operated is: Pretreatment Unit The goal of the pretreatment stage is to selectively dissolve Calcium from spent fluorescent lamps dust, minimizing any losses of Yttrium and Europium.
This unit was operated in two different periods of four days, 24 hours per day 3 working shifts. A total of kg of spent fluorescent lamps dust were processed in the pretreatment unit yielding a total of kg of REE concentrate suitable for the feeding of the leaching, neutralization and precipitation units.
Operation of this stage has been defined in order to minimize reagents consumptions while optimizing solubilisation efficiencies. Also this units was operated in three different periods of five days, 24 hours per day 3 working shifts. Neutralization and Precipitation Unit The aim of this unit is to selectively precipitate Y and Eu from the pregnant liquor solution produced in the leaching stage, in order to have the best possible marketable Y and Eu concentrate.
This unit was operated in two different campaigns for four days each, 24 hours per day. Around 95 Kg of REE concentrate were processed in the first campaign and approximately Kg in the second campaign. This is mainly due to nitric acid in chemical pretreatment and electric power consumption. Brakes tablets Validation of the final product from the pilot plant was carried out for a real application by FAE. Yttrium oxide was used as a co-firing agent during manufacturing advanced ceramic brakes tablets for automotive market.
Tape casting technology is used to deposit ceramic films. Those films are stacked and cut until the desired thickness. To obtain the final product, sintering of the ceramics is carried out by applying pressure and temperature.
Once brakes are fabricated, mechanical and tribological studies are carried out to determine the final product properties. During the ceramic brakes manufacturing process, one of the most important stages is the formulation of ceramic slurries. The ceramic slurries were formulated adding some additives such as dispersants and polymeric binders. Yttrium oxide was added, as a co-firing agent, in order to reduce the temperature of sintering of the final material.
Sintering process was carried out with SPS Spark plasma sintering equipment. As a result of the sintering process, the ceramic tablets based of SiC were obtained Looking at the result when co-firing material Yttrium carbonate from pilot plant is used, we can say that the brake tablets obtained have similar properties as reference brake tablets made with commercial or reference material.
Thus can be concluded that, by using recycled materials, it is possible to fabricate advanced ceramic tablet brakes for automotive application. The crystal structure of yttrium-doped nickel hydroxide powder is similar to that of regular nickel hydroxide powder. The measured specific capacity of yttrium-doped Ni OH 2 powder is much higher than that of the regular spherical Ni OH 2 powder.
According to bibliography, Yttrium oxide enhances the discharge capacity due to increase of over potential in the evolution of oxygen making better the charge. If they are not previously extracted, the whole screen has to be treated as hazardous waste. In fact, making sure that the fractions produced by the LCD process are mercury free is extremely important. Currently, sorting between plasma TVs and the TFTs is done manually during the dismantling step of the casings from the general panel.
Therefore, a parallel manual sorting does not impose much additional effort on workers and thus is considered satisfactory from a project standpoint. Nonetheless, a possibility of automatic recognition has been investigated as a concept formulation with future view.
Also identification based on bar codes is not possible because there is no database of mappings from model or serial numbers to panel types available. CVL expects that an automatic sorting method can be designed that uses panel weight and thickness. These features would then be used for classifying purposes, and the predicted class Plasma or TFT would be used for automatic sorting. Disconnection The state of the art of FPD recycling shows that mainly there are three different industrial processes are being carried out by recyclers in Europe: a Mechanical treatment: based on shredding the complete device followed by mechanical sorting of the fractions.
From a quality point of view, the analysis carried out within project conclude that the manual process is the best to assure the quality of the product that currently it is required by the hydrometallurgical process. However, from an economical point of view a hybrid treatment is economically more feasible.
The indium concentration in the PLS is approx. These high iron and aluminium concentrations will probably be technically manageable after purification, concentration and recovery of indium, but from an economic and environmental point of view these ratio will be not acceptable due to increased chemical usage and waste. It has been agreed that for the pilot phase, fractions coming from the manual dismantled FPDs will be treated as preferred fractions in terms of quality.
This will generate enough data to be sure of our technical, environmental and economic evaluation. Identification of CIGS panels Currently, there is not any commercial option so to develop this kind of technology is a challenge for the Consortium.
The results indicate that this is possible based on colour, texture, or a combination. CVL advises to perform more experiments with more different types of panels in order to confirm this.
Disconnection and separation of the CIGS fraction For the disconnection and separation of the CIGS panels, a specific series of processes has been selected from experimental work at Coolrec. Existing equipment can be used for these processes. That is reclamation as per the dictionary definition. What I think you mean is r adiological environmental remediation iaea.
Its purpose is to return affected lands and water resources for safe public use. Land reclamation is one thing, r adiological environmental remediation is quite something else. The Netherlands has been reclaiming farmland from water.
I really don't understand what you mean. This is your original post: loviii said:. I can't understand what is correct:. PaulQ said:. It may help if you understand that to "to reclaim" anything - and not only land - means "to bring something back into one's [useful] possession or enjoyment.
I really don't understand what you mean Your question was: So, which of the examples will is correct? And which of two variants of my explanation what "from water" means is right? That isn't English. Sorry, I don't understand it. Yes, but that's not the case in point. We will have to agree to disagree. As far as I'm concerned this is what 'reclamation' is about: One of " to reclaim " definitions from macmillandictionary.
Remediation is the word, in my opinion. The radiation does not possess the land; it just contaminates it. A forest can reclaim land from an abandoned city because nature is taking the area back from the city that took it away. They always fit perfectly, and always give me goosebumps. I think that's much more important than how difficult the vocal technique is.
This song has always been, and forever will be, an experience like no other. Turn it up.. I feel like you purposefully fucked those lyrics up. Some are pretty common turns of phrase. My chick and I were taking a shower and I had this song blasting through my Onyx speaker and I was fucking raging so hard that I accidentally headbutt her!
Long Live Lamb Of Gooooood!!! I might throw this track on when im kicking the god that thought he was boss of the this place. This song is amazing. So is the passing, in your words, set to fail, contracter, fake messiah, grace cant forget about grace Kinda funny a sovereign nations I peaceful protest ing about their waters and the sturgeon. The earth isnt going anywhere we are, even if a horrific cataclysmic beautiful apocalyptic event were to happen and reap every last soul on this earth the earth will probably be around for double the lifespan of the grand canyon maybe longer.
Just another cycle, honestly at this point in history annihilation is kind of a given, history repeats itself. This track says it all about our world today!! Everytime Everything this damn song gets me I love it so fucking much. I used to be able to sing this beauty of a song.. Metalhead comment sections: everyone attacking eachother, no one getting butthurt. Its a beautiful thing really. Man, Lamb of God are apparently the OG environmentalists! Move over EPA lmao. Men need to start listening to music that gets testosterone building again Y'all niggas tripping on some terrestial Peyote ish.
Only one death for believers and then eternity in haba olam. Humanity's a failed experiment Walking the path to extinction Spinning it's wheels endlessly Grease them with oil and uranium The earth will shake.
Edgy Nu-Groove Sludgegrind hipster gamer nerd. Adam J Elliott. Ren G. Ryan Spencer. Margin Walker. Matthew Dumas. Thomas Kittock. Keely Holland. Sushant Kayastha. Fernando Rui. Veterano Rojo.
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